Here is a brief walk-through of the convexity adjustment as it is used to compare a Eurodollar futures contract with a similar forward rate agreement (FRA). Please do not confuse with bond convexity. Key ideas for FRM candidate:
A key difference between a futures contract and a forward contract is daily settlement: the instrument is daily marked-to-market. If the value of the futures increases, this creates excess margin cash; if value declines, there will be a margin call (when the maintenance level is reached).
Therefore, a Eurodollar futures contract has more volatility than a similar forward rate agreement (FRA). This implies a slightly higher rate.
The difference is not meaningful over short periods. Over longer maturities, the difference does matter.
We can use different approximations. The FRM assigned reading is Hull; he uses the Ho and Lee approximation:
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