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Utilizing the Bionic Turtle FRM Forum

The Bionic Turtle FRM Forum The Bionic Turtle FRM forum was created to provide our website visitors with a place where they can quickly find information about the FRM concepts without having to search through pages of study materials or different websites. The forum has been a tremendous asset to FRM exam candidates for many years. It... Read More

Recent Posts

Introduction to the Quantitative Foundation of Risk – Present Value

[caption id="attachment_454805" align="alignright" width="247"]  [/caption] A common question asked by FRM candidates (and people who are considering whether to sit for the FRM exam) is, where can I find an introduction to the math? Although the FRM has many qualitative and conceptual topics, it also contains a lot of formulas and numerical illustrations. The CFA,... Read More

Week in Financial Education (June 28, 2021)

Welcome to the latest WIFE. For Part 1, we wrote a new set of insurance company practice questions (PQs). I was recently asked how much insurance is assigned in the FRM. Surprisingly little. You might expect insurance to be prevalent in Operational Risk (P2.T7) but it makes but three appearances in all of Part 2.... Read More

A Note about Delta-Gamma Value at Risk (VaR) as Taylor Series

Alberto asked a good question here about using the delta-gamma formula to estimate the VaR of an option position. Lu Shu (lushukai) gave an excellent reply and he itemized the four possible long/short call/put scenarios. This refers to one of the most fundamental quantitative applications in risk finance, which is to say the Taylor Series expansion. It is... Read More

Week in Financial Education (June 21, 2021)

Welcome to the latest WIFE. For Part 1, we have a new practice question (PQ) set for the insurance chapter (FMP-2). I have a question about the combined ratio after dividends (CRAD). This CRAD measure is interesting because some sources subtract the dividend, CRAD = CR - D, while others (like GARP) add per CRAD... Read More

A technical note on inferring cumulative default probability from credit spreads

I wanted to write a note about a mistake in one of GARP's Pre-Study Practice Exams. Unfortunately, although we've given plenty of feedback over the years, technical mistakes persist. Especially in regard to hazard rate properties (especially when applied to counterparty CVA), our members continue to spot solutions that are misleading. Ironically, some misunderstandings are... Read More

Week in Financial Education (June 14, 2021)

Welcome to another WIFE. Last week we added a new practice question (PQ) set for the Insurance chapter (P1.FMP-2) and a new PQ set for the Risk Monitoring chapter (P2.IM-7). Trying to be realistic, for the mortality table, I pulled actual projected 2021 period life tables from the Social Security Administration at https://www.ssa.gov/. We received... Read More

David Compares Durations in CFA vs. FRM

I'd like to clarify duration terminology as it pertains to differences between the CFA and FRM. Our forum has hundreds of threads over 12+ years on duration concepts (it's hard to say which links are the best at this point, but I'll maybe come back and curate some best links). Our YouTube channel has an... Read More

Week in Financial Education (June 7, 2021)

Welcome to another WIFE. We started a new series of practice questions (PQ) for Financial Markets and Products (P1.T3). Question 21.2.1 (Investment banks) reflects my style of packing three concepts (any one of which might be tested) into one question by using the Dutch auction's answer to inform a comparison to the other approaches (best... Read More

Capital Market Line (CML) vs. Security Market Line (SML)

We received a question on YouTube that is helpful in understanding the relationship (and difference) between the Capital Market Line (CML) and the Security Market Line (SML). Related, earlier in the year Akriti1 posted another provider's (EPP's) flawed CML/SML practice question that's typical of a naïve understanding of the CML/CAPM framework: the author presumes the only difference is... Read More

Week in Financial Education (May 24, 2021)

In our latest Week in Financial Education (WIFE), Richie's new video helpfully reviews a series of duration questions, including modified, Macaulay, money duration, and price value of basis point (PVBP; aka, PV01). Compared to the FRM, the CFA's approach to duration differs only slightly. The formulas are essentially similar. The CFA's modified duration is analytical (e.g.,... Read More

Week in Financial Education (May 17, 2021)

Welcome to another Week in Financial Education! This week saw some great questions and fascinating insights. I will just highlight the instructive example of a flawed solution in the 2021 practice paper (as usual, the impetus is candidates' justifiable confusion). This one is tricky because the correct answer is coincident with two implicit assumptions, but... Read More

Week in Financial Education (May 10, 2021)

Welcome to the latest week in financial education (WIFE)! As the May exams have started, we experienced another busy week. We are grateful for some fabulous contributions by members (see links below). At this time of year, many candidates are naturally focused on practice question revision, not just from our database but also from other... Read More